C+Block+Katie+Global+Climates

Global Weather- 2012

HapakaG8 (figure 0.0)


 * > [[image:hapaka.png width="280" height="137" align="right"]]

 **FIGURE 0.0** ||

In 2012, temperatures rose exponentially, hurricanes were violent, ocean currents grew rapid... It is very clear that our earth is changing. In 2012, the record shows that the average temperature of earth has been its warmest. Following with the two wettest years on record (2010-2011), a near average precipitation on balance across the globe. La Niña (which is defined in the vocabulary section) was present during the first three months of 2012. When compared, La Niña was the third warmest observed behind 2006 and 2009.
 * Global weather conditions of 2012**(December)

What does this say about our atmosphere? Why are global temperatures rising?


 * **Contents** [ hide ]


 * 1) 2 Global Temperatures
 * 2) 3 Top 10 Warmest Years (1880-2012)
 * 3) Top 10 Global Weather/Climate Events For 2012
 * 4) 4 Regional Temperatures
 * 5) 5 Global Precipitation
 * 6) Analysis
 * 7) Vocabulary
 * 8) Personal Reflection
 * 9) Review
 * 10) 7 See also
 * 11) 8 References
 * 12) Pictures
 * 13) Graphs
 * 14) Vocabulary
 * 15) Links
 * 16) Bibliography
 * 17) 9 External links ||

Global temperatures (Brandon)

**The year 2012** was the tenth warmest year since records began in 1880. On average the annual temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was 0.57ºC (1.03ºF) above the 20 th century average. The global annual temperature has increased at an average rate of 0.06ºC per decade since 1880. Also at an average rate of 0.16ºC (0.28ºCF) per decade since 1970.


 * [[image:201212.png width="480" height="456"]]

**FIGURE 1.1:** Year-to-date temperatures by month, with 2012 compared to the five warmest years on record. ||

Top 10 Warmest years (1880-2012) (Brandon)

**Natural climate patterns** that linger for days, months or even years can affect weather patterns around the world and impact the average global temperature. On such a global pattern, the La Niña (Southern Oscillation)- a natural episode fluctuation in sea surface temperature- and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere across the equatorial pacific Ocean. Over a period of months to a few years, the Southern Oscillation oscillates between warm and cold surface waters in that region.

FIGURE 2.1:The following table list the top ten global weather/climate events of 2012. These events are listed according to their overall rank, as voted on by a panel of weather/climate experts. For additional information on these and other significant 2012 climate events, please visit NCDC's [|Top Ten Global Events] webpage.
 * RANK || EVENT || WHEN OCCURED ||~  ||
 * 1 || Arctic Sea Ice Extent || Late Spring Through Fall 2012 ||
 * 2 || Agricultural Drought || Summer 2012 ||
 * 3 || Hurricane Sandy || October 2012 ||
 * 4 || Super Typhoon Bopha/Pablo || December 2012 ||
 * 5 || Northern Hemisphere Warmth || Throughout 2012 ||
 * 6 || Greenland Ice Sheet & Glacier Calving || July 2012 ||
 * 7 || Eurasian Continent Cold Wave || January/February 2012 ||
 * 8 || Northeastern Brazil Drought || First Half of 2012 ||
 * 9 || African Floods || July - October 2012 ||
 * 10 || Antarctic Sea Ice Extent || September 2012 ||

Regional Temperatures (Lexi) In 2012 many countries encountered an increase in the average temperature. The western, southern, and far northeastern Asia but in places like Alaska, part of the northeastern and east central Pacific Ocean, and the Southern Ocean off the southern tip of South America colder than average temperatures were recorded. There were frigid temperatures felt across Europe. These frigid temperatures killed hundreds of people across a dozen countries in Europe. Countries like Austria, Germany, and Spain, set records for some of the coldest average temperatures recorded for. Arctic Oscillation, La Nina, and the polar jet stream are all part of the reason that the weather is acting in odd ways across the world. Global Precipitation (Emma)

 Rainfall may seem to be lacking here in the United States and many other countries can relate. However many European countries cannot relate to a deficiency in rainfall trends. 2010 and 2011 have brought some of the highest amounts of precipitation on record for many places in the world. Delays in high precipitation seasons, drought, La Niña, and many inconsistencies in average trends have been common throughout the world in the year of 2012.  There seems to be a consistency that in the European countries. The European countries had a wetter than average if not the wettest on record year. There were all time highs of precipitation in England, the second wettest year on record in the United Kingdom, and it hasn’t been wetter in Finland since 1944. India and Southern Asia had a regular amount of precipitation but had a stalled monsoon season. This stalled precipitation was also seen during mid-September in places like Japan, The Philippines, and Korea (North and South).  Other countries were not so fortunate to have as much rainfall. In fact, the first half of 2012 brought an extreme drought to Northern Brazil. This drought in Brazil was the worst they have seen in five decades and affected 4 million people. The United States experienced a drought nearly as bad as the 1950’s and a summer dry as the 14th driest summer the US has experienced. Hungary was also a victim of drought and experienced the worst drought in 2012 in two decades. This drought pattern continued into Western Russia, Siberia, Ukraine, and Kaxakhstar where (in combination of the 4 countries) it has been reported that over $630 million US dollars have damaged crops.

Analysis (all)

The years greatest changes in weather are all interlinked with global warming. While temperatures rise, so is the Co2 concentration. This is not a coincidence! The truth is, Co2 in our atmosphere is trapping heat in and destroying the balance of our global weather. Reflected infrared rays are uncommon, they are all confined, warming up our atmosphere. Increasing temperatures, melting glaciers, and changing our global weather patterns.

Vocabulary


 * 1) **La Niña**- The opposite of El Nino; brings colder temperatures and has the opposite effect of El Niño. This means that the Eastern Pacific will experience the Western Pacific effects of El Niño.
 * 2) **El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)** -First noticed by Peruvian fisherman, it is a shift in the temperatures from cold to warm. This blocks the normal pattern of cold water from the depths of the ocean to the surface and coast. The cold water brings nutrients to the fish and an El Niño blocks this conception. It is because of the weakening of trade winds, warm water flow is reversed in direction. This brings stronger thunderstorms at the Pacific. Western Pacific countries (such as Indonesia) experience drier than normal conditions whereas the eastern Pacific countries experience wetter conditions
 * 3) **Precipitation**- rainfall
 * 4) **Low Pressure System-** A cold front moves into a warm area and forces the warm air up. This is created near Earth’s surface on the boundary of the air masses
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)**- Invented in the 1960’s by Palmer, this commonly used formula determines a ranking for a long term drought based factors such as rainfall and temperature.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Latitude-** Horizontal lines on a map running parallel North and South of the Equator
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Longitude-** Vertical lines on a map running parallel East and West of the Prime Meridian
 * 8) **<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jet stream- **<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">A high-speed, meandering wind current, generally moving from a westerly direction at speeds often exceeding 400 kilometers (250 miles) per hour at altitudes of 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles).
 * 9) __ High Pressure System- __ A warm front moves into an area pushing the cold air out, this will cause a more precipitation and thunderstorms.
 * 10) __ Dew Point- __ the temperature where evaporation of water ends and condensation begins
 * 11) __ Evaporation- __ the place in the water cycle where water is heated to it’s gas form
 * 12) __ Condensation- __ the place in the water cycle where water vapor comes together into clouds

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">Personal Reflection

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">In this article I learned about both the rise and drop of temperatures in certain places. The reason for the coldness in Australia is because La Nina is still in place in the southern Hemisphere. La Nina is causes colder than average temperatures to happen when over a certain area. I also learned about how Jet streams depending on where they are coming from can cause both warm and cold temperatures. Like we learned in class the rise in temperatures is also caused by our pollution and global warming. These things will effect us in the future. There are some examples of our weather and climate from 2012 in this picture.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">Review

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Global temperatures, that we know of, are just starting to rise for about the past three centuries. We can conclude that something is driving these temperatures up. In Al Gore’s An inconvenient Truth, he explains the very real situation we put our world into. Global Warming is not a natural occurrence, it is man made. To think that we can stop it is an unachievable occupation. Once the earth ends its latent heat stage, temperatures will rise rapidly, and the weather will be atrociously violent and unreadable. Ocean levels will rise, cities will drown, clean water will be rare. The most terrifying thing about it is that almost every major city has a nuclear power plant or something similar, and they will all most likely explode and release radiation much like Fukushima, except on a global scale. To hope that this earth will contain humans, or any animal of any kind a short century from now, is denial. If this does not mortify you, then you are insane. I pity the young who will grow up with this experience. I envoy the ignorant.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">See Also

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">Refrences
 * A_Ch2_AtmosphericConstituents,RF
 * A_Ch4_Snow&Ice
 * A_Ch5_OceanClimateChange
 * A_NOAA_Societal Impacts
 * A_NOAA_wildfires & drought
 * b block drout
 * B-NOAA-Societal Impacts
 * B_chapter 27
 * C block Chapter 5 Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level
 * C- chapter 27_Rock Melon group
 * c-snowiceandfrozenground-persimmon
 * Ch. 2 E Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
 * Ch. 3-eBlock
 * C_Block_Wildfires_Jujube
 * Drought

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">Bibliography (all)
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 * 7) Bartusiak, Mauris. Pellentesque. Lorem Ipsum: Risus Curabiyur Fringilla Venenatis, 1993
 * 8) Vestibulum, Ipsum R. “Morbi Auctor: A Sodales.” Interdum. Quisque. 2000: 46
 * 9) Laoreet Venenatis, Egestas A. Mari. Lorem Ipsum: A Faucibus Luctus Auctor Condimentum, 1993. 115.
 * 10) Bartusiak, Mauris. Pellentesque. Lorem Ipsum: Risus Curabiyur Fringilla Venenatis, 1993
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 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: [|An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database]. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Quayle, R.G., T.C. Peterson, A.N. Basist, and C. S. Godfrey, 1999: [|An operational near-real-time global temperature index]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 333-335.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smith, T.M., and R.W. Reynolds (2005), [|A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880-1997)], J. Clim., 18, 2021-2036.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smith, et al (2008), [|Improvements to NOAA's Historical Merged Land-Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880-2006)], J. Climate., 21, 2283-2293.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2012/13
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"What are El Niño and La Niña?." NOAA's National Ocean Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. <http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html>.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px;">External Links (brandon)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH- video clip <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">media type="youtube" key="9tkDK2mZlOo?list=PL1A6E2D304D264F58" height="315" width="560" <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">media type="custom" key="22320396"